Wilfredo G. Villanueva
Cha Coronel Datu
Juana Pilipinas
Karl Garcia
giancarloangulo
Irineo B. R. Salazar
JPilipinas
karlgarcia
JoeAm
Deindustrialization and Policy Shifts in the Philippines: From NEPA to Neoliberal Globalism
By Karl Garcia 1. Historical Context: Industrial Policy and Protectionism Following independence in 1946, the Philippines confronted a central post-colonial challenge: how to develop a self-sustaining economy despite a colonial legacy of resource extraction, limited industrial capacity, and heavy dependence on imports. Policymakers adopted import substitution industrialization (ISI), a strategy widely employed in Latin America … Continue reading
The Philippines Must Stop Mistaking Ambition for Capacity
From Megabridges to Medical Tourism, from Coconuts to ASEAN Diplomacy, the Same National Lesson Keeps Returning By Karl M. Garcia The Philippines periodically falls in love with visions of transformation. Sometimes the vision is physical: megabridges crossing seas, reclamation megacities, hyperconnected corridors designed to symbolically “unify” the archipelago through concrete. Sometimes the vision is economic: … Continue reading
Philippine Literature After José Rizal
By Karl Garcia After José Rizal’s works (Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo), Philippine literature evolved under new historical and social circumstances—colonial transitions, American occupation, World War II, post-war reconstruction, Martial Law, and modern globalized society. The literature reflects societal struggles, nationalism, social critique, and human experience. 1. Post-Rizal to Pre-War Era (Late 19th – … Continue reading
The Propaganda Movement in the Philippines: Published and Unpublished Works as Instruments of Reform
By Karl Garcia The Propaganda Movement, emerging in the late 19th century, represents a seminal chapter in Philippine history, bridging the intellectual awakening of the Filipino people with the eventual pursuit of independence. Unlike the revolutionary currents that would later culminate in the 1896 Philippine Revolution, the Propaganda Movement pursued reform through education, literature, journalism, … Continue reading
Pre-Rizal Philippine Literature: Myths, Epics, and Early Chronicles
By Karl Garcia Before the emergence of José Rizal and the nationalist literary movement of the late 19th century, the Philippines already possessed a rich tapestry of oral traditions, epics, legends, and early written works. These narratives, rooted in the pre-colonial, indigenous, and early colonial experiences of various ethnolinguistic groups, provide a window into Filipino … Continue reading
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The Society of Honor by Joe America 