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The Philippines Is a Legal Hybrid: Does the Mix Cost Us the Rules of the Game?

The Philippines runs on Spanish-derived civil law and American-derived common law at once. Where each came from, how we ended up with both, and whether the mix makes it harder to know the rules of the game.

The Merchant of Venice: Casket Analysis — Desire, Choice, and Value

By Karl M. Garcia William Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice uses the famous casket test to explore one of the play’s most enduring questions: How do human beings distinguish genuine value from attractive appearances? Portia’s deceased father has designed a test in which her suitors must choose among three caskets—gold, silver, and lead. Each contains … Continue reading →

BEACON: MORE THAN A TRADE EXPO

By Karl M. Garcia A trade exhibition is easy to understand. There are booths. Ships and equipment are displayed. Companies meet customers. Government agencies make presentations. Business cards change hands. Conferences fill convention-center rooms. Then the exhibition ends. The booths come down. People go home. But sometimes an exhibition leaves something behind. Relationships continue. Organizations … Continue reading →

A SHIPYARD IS A TEST OF THE STATE

Why Philippine shipbuilding needs more than less red tape By Karl M. Garcia A shipyard is an unusual place to measure the quality of government. It is a factory, engineering complex, workplace, logistics node and maritime asset. But it is also a test of something less visible: Can government make its own institutions work together? … Continue reading →

From Rizal and La Solidaridad to algorithms and artificial intelligence

By Karl M. Garcia Every generation inherits a country it did not create. It inherits a language, a culture, a history, a religion, institutions, stories, assumptions and accumulated knowledge. Increasingly, it also inherits something less visible: systems that decide what information it encounters. Algorithms select what appears on a screen. Search engines determine what becomes … Continue reading →