Magdalo vs. Magdiwang: The Factional Tragedy of the Philippine Revolution

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From Datus to Revolution: The Evolution of Filipino Resistance

By Karl Garcia The history of Filipino resistance to foreign domination is a long continuum, beginning long before the Spanish arrived in the archipelago in the 16th century. Prior to colonization, the Philippine islands were a patchwork of independent polities, each ruled by local chiefs—datus and rajahs—whose authority stemmed from kinship, trade influence, and control … Continue reading →

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Making Science serve the Country

Recent Tweets about proposed legislation to “institutionalize a permanent, science-based, multidisciplinary national institution for climate resilience and disaster risk reduction [to be] named the UP National Climate Resilience Institute” make me very happy as that is a very important matter for the Philippines. A scientist like Dr. Mahar Lagmay who spearheads such work is making … Continue reading →

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The 1987 Philippine Constitution: Historical Foundations, Structure, and Implications

By Karl Garcia The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines stands as a pivotal document in the nation’s political and social history. Enacted after the People Power Revolution of 1986, which ended the authoritarian rule of Ferdinand Marcos, it is both a response to the abuses of martial law and a blueprint for democratic governance. Its … Continue reading →

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The 1973 Philippine Constitution: Structure, Contradictions, and Authoritarian Transformation

By Karl Garcia The constitutional history of the Philippines reaches a critical turning point with the 1973 Constitution—a document that, more than any other, reveals the tension between formal institutional design and political reality. Framed during a period of unrest and ratified under controversial conditions, it sought to inaugurate a parliamentary system grounded in social … Continue reading →

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The 1935 Philippine Constitution: Foundations, Structure, and Legacy

By Karl Garcia The constitutional history of the Philippines reflects an enduring effort to institutionalize democracy while navigating colonial transition, national identity, and governance challenges. Among its foundational charters, the 1935 Constitution stands out as the country’s first fully operational framework of republican governance—bridging colonial rule and eventual independence, while embedding liberal democratic principles that … Continue reading →

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