Wilfredo G. Villanueva
Cha Coronel Datu
Juana Pilipinas
Karl Garcia
giancarloangulo
Irineo B. R. Salazar
JPilipinas
karlgarcia
JoeAmVote Buying, Patronage Politics, and the Limits of Voter Education
By Karl Garcia Vote buying is often explained in moral terms: corrupt politicians offer money, voters accept it, democracy suffers. Yet our discussion reveals a more complex reality. Vote buying persists not simply because voters lack education or critical thinking, but because it is embedded in a system shaped by economic vulnerability, political incentives, weak … Continue reading
IMELDA AND MANILA: LANDSCAPE, POWER, AND URBAN CHANGE IN THE PHILIPPINES
By Karl Garcia Introduction Urban landscapes are physical records of political choice. Architecture, infrastructure, cultural investments, and spatial organization are shaped not only by technical planning principles but also by governance structures, ideology, and institutional capacity. In the Philippines, Manila’s transformation during the Marcos era (1965–1986) remains one of the most debated examples of how … Continue reading
Inheritance Without Guilt: Power, Memory, Marcos, and the Limits of Justice
By Karl Garcia I. The Problem of Responsibility Across Time Modern societies periodically confront a difficult question: to what extent should responsibility for past wrongdoing extend across generations? This arises whenever contemporary figures are connected—by office, institution, or lineage—to historical crimes. Examples include calls for apologies related to colonial slavery, wartime atrocities, or authoritarian rule. … Continue reading
Survive or Perish: AI, Credibility, and the Philippine Context
By Karl Garcia The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) is not merely a technological shift. It is a systemic stress test for institutions, industries, and entire national ecosystems. AI forces a hard question: Who can adapt — and who will be left behind? But beneath the rhetoric of innovation lies a deeper truth often ignored … Continue reading
At the End of the Road: Why Last-Mile Schools Need More Than a Law
By Karl Garcia In the Philippines, inequality is often described in terms of income, opportunity, or access to jobs. Less discussed — yet equally decisive — is inequality of distance. For thousands of Filipino children, the gap is not merely economic. It is geographic. Some study on small islands reachable only by boat. Others walk … Continue reading
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The Society of Honor by Joe America 